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Help:IPA/Slovene

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Slovene language pronunciations in Simple Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Simple Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sl}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Slovene phonology for a extensive look at the sounds of Slovene.

Consonants
IPA Examples nearest English equivalent
b bob bob
d dan done
dz brivec brije[1] heads
ez George
f film film
ɡ gora gore
ɣ vrh drevesa[1] Spanish rasgo
j jaz[2] yaw
k kolo cola
l luka[2] Luke
m morje, Istanbul[3] more
ɱ simfonija, informacija[3] comfort
n ne[3][2] no
ŋ banka[3] bank
p pet pet
ɾ robot US batter
s stol stole
ʃ šum shell
t ti tattoo
ts car shorts
čaj church
v filozof Dolar[1] van
ʋ voda
w cerkev[4] we
ʍ vsi[4] white or twice
x harfa Scottish loch
z zima zoo
ʒ žaba fusion
Combinations of vowels and tone[5]
Low tone (or "rising") vowels
IPA Stress
orth.
Tonal
orth.[6][7]
Examples nearest English equivalent
àː á danes father
ɛ̀ː ê é zemlja British square
èː é ẹ́ cerkev late
ə̀ è ə̀ sem (stressed) about
ə̀ɾ ŕ vrba US verb (but trilled)
ìː í hiša least
ɔ̀ː ô ó poten dog
òː ó ọ́ erotičen story
ùː ú truplo scoop
High tone (or "falling") vowels
á à ȁ brat strut
áː á ȃ grad father
ɛ́ è ȅ met let
ɛ́ː ê ȇ adverb British square
éː é ẹ̑ kreda late
ə́ è ə̏ pes about
ə́ɾ ŕ ȓ tržnica US verb (but trilled)
í ì ȉ bik list
íː í ȋ list least
ɔ́ ò ȍ on off
ɔ́ː ô ȏ alkova dog
óː ó ọ̑ pot story
ú ù ȕ kruh foot
úː ú ȗ romunščina scoop
ý ǜ ü̏ Türk[8] somewhat like cute
Unstressed vowels
a a žena father (but shorter)
ɛ e e medved let
ə ə danes about
əɾ er, r ər, r koder, potrditi US verb (but trilled)
i i biti list
ɔ o potok lot
u u mamut foot
Stress[7]
IPA Stress
orth.
Tonal
orth.
Example Explanation
ˈ N/A [ˈsə̀m] primary stress
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 [dz, ɣ, v] are allophones of /ts, x, f/ that occur before voiced consonants (Herrity (2000:16)).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Orthographic sequences ⟨lj, nj, rj⟩ are pronounced /lj, nj, rj/ only if a vowel follows; otherwise, the /j/ is not pronounced. For ⟨rj⟩, it is reflected in the orthography, but for ⟨lj, nj⟩ it is not.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /ʋ/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Standard Slovene features three allophones of /v/ (the latter two sometimes also occurring for /l/): before vowels, it is [ʋ], after a vowel it is [w], and between a syllable boundary and a voiceless consonant, it is [ʍ] (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)).
  5. Some scholars have found that vowel length in Standard Slovene is no longer distinctive, (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136), Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF)., Srebot-Rejec (1988)) and the only differences in vowel length are that the stressed vowels are longer than the unstressed ones,(Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF)., Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:137)) with stressed open syllables longer than stressed closed syllables (Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF).).
  6. Tonic marks are not part of the orthography but are found in dictionaries such as "Slovenski pravopis 2001". Tone marks can also be found on ⟨r⟩, which signifies the sequence /ər/.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Wherever possible, one should transcribe Slovene with both tonic and stress marks. If the correct tones are unknown, it is acceptable to put only a stress-based transcription.[this is clearly not the current practice as there are only a few transcriptions that indicate tone]
  8. /ý/ appears only in loanwords and is often replaced by /í/.